前言

之前寫過一篇Ubuntu 20.04下使用apt安裝Redmine，但是如果使用apt，則只能安裝4.0.6版的Redmine。如果想要安裝更新版本的Redmine，就必須從源碼安裝。

本篇基於How To Install Redmine on Ubuntu 20.04 Linux，記錄在Ubuntu 20.04下從源碼安裝Redmine的步驟。

安裝步驟

安裝Apache2

安裝Apache2，以及ruby和Passenger的依賴：

# apt update -y # in docker
# apt install -y sudo # in docker
sudo apt install wget software-properties-common -y
sudo apt install apache2 apache2-dev libcurl4-openssl-dev -y
sudo apt install imagemagick libmagickwand-dev git build-essential automake libgmp-dev -y

安裝Postgresql

這部份已整理成獨立的文檔，詳見Ubuntu 20.04下安裝Postgresql。

ruby_21">安裝rvm及ruby

這部份已整理成獨立的文檔，詳見Ubuntu 20.04下使用rvm安裝Ruby。

安裝Passenger

gem install passenger
passenger-install-apache2-module

Passenger module的安裝涉及其C++源碼的編譯及安裝，整個過程大概要花十分鐘左右。

在結束前會出現以下提示，要求編輯Apache的設定檔，加入列出來的五行字：

Almost there!

Please edit your Apache configuration file, and add these lines:

   LoadModule passenger_module /usr/share/rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.5/gems/passenger-6.0.8/buildout/apache2/mod_passenger.so
   <IfModule mod_passenger.c>
     PassengerRoot /usr/share/rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.5/gems/passenger-6.0.8
     PassengerDefaultRuby /usr/share/rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.5/wrappers/ruby
   </IfModule>

After you restart Apache, you are ready to deploy any number of web
applications on Apache, with a minimum amount of configuration!

Press ENTER when you are done editing.

這裡先按Enter跳過，出現以下log：

--------------------------------------------

Validating installation...

 * Checking whether this Passenger install is in PATH... (!)

   Please add /usr/share/rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.5/gems/passenger-6.0.8/bin to PATH.
   Otherwise you will get "command not found" errors upon running
   any Passenger commands.

   Learn more at about PATH at:

     https://www.phusionpassenger.com/library/indepth/environment_variables.html#the-path-environment-variable

 * Checking whether there are no other Passenger installations... (!)

   You are currently validating against Phusion Passenger(R) 6.0.8, located in:

     /usr/share/rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.5/gems/passenger-6.0.8/bin/passenger

   Besides this Passenger installation, the following other
   Passenger installations have also been detected:

     /usr/share/rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.5/bin/passenger
     /usr/local/bin/passenger

   Please uninstall these other Passenger installations to avoid
   confusion or conflicts.

 * Checking whether Apache is installed... _
 * Checking whether the Passenger module is correctly configured in Apache... _

Detected 0 error(s), 2 warning(s).
Press ENTER to continue.

按Enter結束安裝，接著在/etc/apache2/apache2.conf加上剛剛出現的那一段字:

LoadModule passenger_module /usr/share/rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.5/gems/passenger-6.0.8/buildout/apache2/mod_passenger.so
<IfModule mod_passenger.c>
  PassengerRoot /usr/share/rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.5/gems/passenger-6.0.8
  PassengerDefaultRuby /usr/share/rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.5/wrappers/ruby
</IfModule>

Passenger的log路徑為/tmp/passenger-error-xxxxxx.html，如果啟動Redmine時出現We're sorry, but something went wrong.的錯誤，可以來這裡尋找線索。

另：Rails Passenger problem with Apache2裡有做一些額外的設定，沒有試過，但可能會有用。

安裝Redmine

此處安裝的是Redmine 4.1.1版，如果想要尋找其它的版本，可以到https://www.redmine.org/releases。

創建名為redmine的使用者並切換為該使用者：

sudo adduser --disabled-password --gecos "Redmine User" redmine
sudo su - redmine

下載redmine源碼並解壓：

wget https://www.redmine.org/releases/redmine-4.1.1.tar.gz
tar -xf redmine-*.tar.gz
mv redmine-4.1.1/ redmine

複製configuration.yml及database.yml兩份文件：

cd redmine/config
cp configuration.yml.example configuration.yml
cp database.yml.example database.yml

修改database.yml，將其中與mysql相關的mysql的都註釋掉，並取消註釋與postgresql相關的行：

vim database.yml # comment all mysql lines and uncomment postregsql lines

修改後的database.yml如下：

# Default setup is given for MySQL 5.7.7 or later.
# Examples for PostgreSQL, SQLite3 and SQL Server can be found at the end.
# Line indentation must be 2 spaces (no tabs).

# production:
#   adapter: mysql2
#   database: redmine
#   host: localhost
#   username: root
#   password: ""
#   # Use "utf8" instead of "utfmb4" for MySQL prior to 5.7.7
#   encoding: utf8mb4
#
# development:
#   adapter: mysql2
#   database: redmine_development
#   host: localhost
#   username: root
#   password: ""
#   # Use "utf8" instead of "utfmb4" for MySQL prior to 5.7.7
#   encoding: utf8mb4
#
# # Warning: The database defined as "test" will be erased and
# # re-generated from your development database when you run "rake".
# # Do not set this db to the same as development or production.
# test:
#   adapter: mysql2
#   database: redmine_test
#   host: localhost
#   username: root
#   password: ""
#   # Use "utf8" instead of "utfmb4" for MySQL prior to 5.7.7
#   encoding: utf8mb4

# PostgreSQL configuration example
production:
  adapter: postgresql
  database: redmine
  host: localhost
  username: postgres
  password: "postgres"

# SQLite3 configuration example
#production:
#  adapter: sqlite3
#  database: db/redmine.sqlite3

# SQL Server configuration example
#production:
#  adapter: sqlserver
#  database: redmine
#  host: localhost
#  username: jenkins
#  password: jenkins

注意設定檔中有個password欄位，必須與Ubuntu 20.04下安裝Postgresql - Redmine設定中設定的一致，也就是：

username: redmine
password: "DBPassword"

否則在使用RAILS_ENV=production bundle exec rake db:migrate做資料庫遷移時會出現PG::ConnectionBad: FATAL: password authentication failed for user "postgres"的問題。

讓rails application(即Redmine)使用postgresql的設定：

bundle config build.pg --with-pg-config=/usr/bin/pg_config

為bundle做一些必要的設定：

bundle config set --local path 'vendor/bundle'

輸出：

You are replacing the current local value of path, which is currently "vendor/bundle --without developement test"

bundle config set --local without 'developement test'

輸出：

You are replacing the current local value of without, which is currently "developement:test"

使用以下指令檢查:

bundle config

輸出：

Settings are listed in order of priority. The top value will be used.
build.pg
Set for the current user (/home/redmine/.bundle/config): "--with-pg-config=/usr/bin/pg_config"

path
Set for your local app (/home/redmine/redmine/.bundle/config): "vendor/bundle"

without
Set for your local app (/home/redmine/redmine/.bundle/config): [:developement, :test]

安裝Redmine所需的dependencies：

bundle install

出現以下訊息：

HEADS UP! i18n 1.1 changed fallbacks to exclude default locale.
But that may break your application.

Please check your Rails app for 'config.i18n.fallbacks = true'.
If you're using I18n (>= 1.1.0) and Rails (< 5.2.2), this should be
'config.i18n.fallbacks = [I18n.default_locale]'.
If not, fallbacks will be broken in your app by I18n 1.1.x.

For more info see:
https://github.com/svenfuchs/i18n/releases/tag/v1.1.0

根據HEADS UP! i18n 1.1 changed fallbacks to exclude default locale，上面的訊息只是警告，不用特別處理。

生成用於加密session data的secret token：

bundle exec rake generate_secret_token

資料庫遷移：

RAILS_ENV=production bundle exec rake db:migrate

在資料庫中寫入預設的資料：

RAILS_ENV=production bundle exec rake redmine:load_default_data

過程中會出現提示，要求選擇預設的語言，從列表中選擇一個即可：

Select language: ar, az, bg, bs, ca, cs, da, de, el, en, en-GB, es, es-PA, et, eu, fa, fi, fr, gl, he, hr, hu, id, it, ja, ko, lt, lv, mk, mn, nl, no, pl, pt, pt-BR, ro, ru, sk, sl, sq, sr, sr-YU, sv, th, tr, uk, vi, zh, zh-TW [en] zh-TW
====================================
Default configuration data loaded.

修改部份目錄的擁有者及權限：

mkdir -p tmp tmp/pdf public/plugin_assets
# switch to sudo user
chown -R redmine:redmine files log tmp public/plugin_assets
chmod -R 755 files log tmp public/plugin_assets

Apache2設定

把passenger-install-apache2-module時出現的LoadModule passenger_module ...那一行字貼到/etc/apache2/apache2.conf中，讓Apache2能自動載入passenger module：

echo "LoadModule passenger_module /usr/share/rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.5/gems/passenger-6.0.8/buildout/apache2/mod_passenger.so" | sudo tee -a /etc/apache2/apache2.conf

為Redmine創建一個virtual host file：

sudo vim /etc/apache2/sites-available/redmine.conf

內容如下：

<VirtualHost *:80>
    #ServerName redmine.example.com

    DocumentRoot /home/redmine/redmine/public

    PassengerRoot /usr/share/rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.5/gems/passenger-6.0.8
    PassengerDefaultRuby /usr/share/rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.5/wrappers/ruby
    PassengerUser redmine

    <Directory /home/redmine/redmine/public>
      Allow from all
      Options -MultiViews
      Require all granted
    </Directory>
</VirtualHost>

注意PassengerRoot與PassengerDefaultRuby的值需與passenger-install-apache2-module時出現的提示一致。可用以下指令檢查：

passenger-config about ruby-command

輸出如下：

passenger-config was invoked through the following Ruby interpreter:
  Command: /usr/share/rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.5/wrappers/ruby
  Version: ruby 2.6.5p114 (2019-10-01 revision 67812) [x86_64-linux]
  To use in Apache: PassengerRuby /usr/share/rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.5/wrappers/ruby
  To use in Nginx : passenger_ruby /usr/share/rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.5/wrappers/ruby
  To use with Standalone: /usr/share/rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.5/wrappers/ruby /usr/share/rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.5/gems/passenger-6.0.8/bin/passenger start


## Notes for RVM users
Do you want to know which command to use for a different Ruby interpreter? 'rvm use' that Ruby interpreter, then re-run 'passenger-config about ruby-command'.

停用000-default，啟用redmine，並重啟Apache2：

sudo a2ensite redmine.conf # sudo a2ensite redmine
sudo a2dissite 000-default.conf
systemctl start apache2
systemctl reload apache2
# systemctl restart apache2

注：如果是在docker container中，可改用service apache2 start和service apache2 reload

關於Apache2 virtual host的概念，可以參考How To Set Up Apache Virtual Hosts on Ubuntu 16.04。

可用以下指令查看有哪些site是被啟用的：

a2query -s

輸出：

redmine (enabled by site administrator)

Apache2的重要路徑:

/etc/apache2                  #apache2.conf, ports.conf
/etc/apache2/sites-available  # 000-default.conf
/var/www/html                 # index.html
/etc/ssl                      #certs, private
/var/log/apache2              #access.log  error.log  other_vhosts_access.log

成果

上述步驟完成後，在瀏覽器中前往127.0.0.1:80，就能看到如下頁面：
redmine_init" />
點擊右上角登入，輸入默認帳號密碼admin/admin：

登入後系統會要求變更密碼：

變更完成後會自動進到我的帳戶頁面：

可以暫時先保持默認的設定，之後隨時可以再更改。

redmine_in_a_subURI_380">Host redmine in a sub-URI

可參考將Redmine架在sub-URI。

Troubleshooting

apache2module_GemGemNotFoundException_384">find_spec_for_exe’: can’t find gem passenger (>= 0.a) with executable passenger-install-apache2-module (Gem::GemNotFoundException)

如果在執行passenger-install-apache2-module時出現以下錯誤：

Traceback (most recent call last):
        4: from /usr/share/rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.6/bin/ruby_executable_hooks:22:in `<main>'
        3: from /usr/share/rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.6/bin/ruby_executable_hooks:22:in `eval'
        2: from /usr/share/rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.6/bin/passenger-install-apache2-module:23:in `<main>'
        1: from /usr/share/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.6/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.6.0/rubygems.rb:303:in `activate_bin_path'
/usr/share/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.6/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.6.0/rubygems.rb:284:in `find_spec_for_exe': can't find gem passenger (>= 0.a) with executable passenger-install-apache2-module (Gem::GemNotFoundException)

參考’find_spec_for_exe’: can’t find gem bundler (>= 0.a) with executable bundle (Gem::GemNotFoundException)，可以嘗試卸載bundler 2.2.16，並安裝bundler 1.17.3。

參考find_spec_for_exe’: can’t find gem bundler (>= 0.a) (Gem::GemNotFoundException)，使用以下指令解決：

gem update --system

PG::ConnectionBad: FATAL: password authentication failed for user “postgres”

如果RAILS_ENV=production bundle exec rake db:migrate時出現以下錯誤：

rake aborted!
PG::ConnectionBad: FATAL:  password authentication failed for user "postgres"
FATAL:  password authentication failed for user "postgres"
/home/redmine/redmine/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/pg-1.1.4/lib/pg.rb:56:in `initialize'
/home/redmine/redmine/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/pg-1.1.4/lib/pg.rb:56:in `new'
/home/redmine/redmine/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/pg-1.1.4/lib/pg.rb:56:in `connect'
/home/redmine/redmine/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/activerecord-5.2.4.5/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:692:in `connect'
/home/redmine/redmine/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/activerecord-5.2.4.5/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:223:in `initialize'
/home/redmine/redmine/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/activerecord-5.2.4.5/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:48:in `new'
/home/redmine/redmine/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/activerecord-5.2.4.5/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:48:in `postgresql_connection'
/home/redmine/redmine/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/activerecord-5.2.4.5/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:830:in `new_connection'
/home/redmine/redmine/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/activerecord-5.2.4.5/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:874:in `checkout_new_connection'
/home/redmine/redmine/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/activerecord-5.2.4.5/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:853:in `try_to_checkout_new_connection'
/home/redmine/redmine/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/activerecord-5.2.4.5/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:814:in `acquire_connection'
/home/redmine/redmine/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/activerecord-5.2.4.5/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:538:in `checkout'
/home/redmine/redmine/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/activerecord-5.2.4.5/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:382:in `connection'
/home/redmine/redmine/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/activerecord-5.2.4.5/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:1033:in `retrieve_connection'
/home/redmine/redmine/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/activerecord-5.2.4.5/lib/active_record/connection_handling.rb:118:in `retrieve_connection'
/home/redmine/redmine/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/activerecord-5.2.4.5/lib/active_record/connection_handling.rb:90:in `connection'
/home/redmine/redmine/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/activerecord-5.2.4.5/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:172:in `migrate'
/home/redmine/redmine/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/activerecord-5.2.4.5/lib/active_record/railties/databases.rake:60:in `block (2 levels) in <top (required)>'
/home/redmine/redmine/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/rake-13.0.3/exe/rake:27:in `<top (required)>'
/usr/share/rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.6/bin/ruby_executable_hooks:22:in `eval'
/usr/share/rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.6/bin/ruby_executable_hooks:22:in `<main>'
Tasks: TOP => db:migrate
(See full trace by running task with --trace)

代表資料庫的使用者postgres的密碼與設定檔裡寫的不一致。
可以直接修正設定檔裡的密碼，或重新設定postgres使用者的密碼。

參考Postgresql: password authentication failed for user “postgres”，進入postgres shell後：

ALTER USER postgres PASSWORD 'postgres'; --same as that in config/database.yml

Your Ruby version is 2.7.2, but your Gemfile specified >= 2.3.0, < 2.7.0

如果下bundle install時出現以下錯誤，需重裝舊版ruby。

Your Ruby version is 2.7.2, but your Gemfile specified >= 2.3.0, < 2.7.0

bundle install --path --without deprecated

教學中使用的指令如下：

bundle install --path vendor/bundle --without developement test

但是實測後發現會出現以下訊息：

[DEPRECATED] The `--path` flag is deprecated because it relies on being remembered across bundler invocations, which bundler will no longer do in future versions. Instead please use `bundle config set --local path 'vendor/bundle'`, and stop using this flag
[DEPRECATED] The `--without` flag is deprecated because it relies on being remembered across bundler invocations, which bundler will no longer do in future versions. Instead please use `bundle config set --local without 'developement test'`, and stop using this flag

需要將它用以下三條指令替代：

bundle config set --local path 'vendor/bundle'
bundle config set --local without 'developement test'
bundle install

修改Redmine源碼

修改redmine code後使它生效：

RAILS_ENV=production bundle exec rake db:migrate