Linux|centos7|postgresql数据库|yum和编译方式安装总结（全系版本）

一、

yum方式安装postgresql

这个是官方的yum源，包括postgresql的开发包，lib库什么的，很齐全，关键是包括pgbackrest

yum install -y https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/reporpms/EL-7-x86_64/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm

以上这个命令呢，其实没有安装什么太多的东西，就是在/etc/yum.repos.d目录下生成了一个repo文件而已，该repo文件内容如下：

#######################################################
# PGDG Red Hat Enterprise Linux / CentOS repositories #
#######################################################

# PGDG Red Hat Enterprise Linux / CentOS stable common repository for all PostgreSQL versions

[pgdg-common]
name=PostgreSQL common RPMs for RHEL / CentOS $releasever - $basearch
baseurl=https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/common/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/PGDG-RPM-GPG-KEY-RHEL7
repo_gpgcheck = 1

# We provide extra package to support some RPMs in the PostgreSQL RPM repo, like
# consul, haproxy, etc.

[pgdg-rhel7-extras]
name=Extra packages to support some RPMs in the PostgreSQL RPM repo RHEL / CentOS $releasever - $basearch
baseurl=https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/common/pgdg-rhel$releasever-extras/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/PGDG-RPM-GPG-KEY-RHEL7
repo_gpgcheck = 1

# PGDG Red Hat Enterprise Linux / CentOS stable repositories:

[pgdg15]
name=PostgreSQL 15 for RHEL / CentOS $releasever - $basearch
baseurl=https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/15/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/PGDG-RPM-GPG-KEY-RHEL7
repo_gpgcheck = 1

[pgdg14]
name=PostgreSQL 14 for RHEL / CentOS $releasever - $basearch
baseurl=https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/14/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/PGDG-RPM-GPG-KEY-RHEL7
repo_gpgcheck = 1

[pgdg13]
name=PostgreSQL 13 for RHEL / CentOS $releasever - $basearch
baseurl=https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/13/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/PGDG-RPM-GPG-KEY-RHEL7
repo_gpgcheck = 1

[pgdg12]
name=PostgreSQL 12 for RHEL / CentOS $releasever - $basearch
baseurl=https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/12/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/PGDG-RPM-GPG-KEY-RHEL7
repo_gpgcheck = 1

# PGDG RHEL / CentOS Updates Testing common repositories.

[pgdg-common-testing]
name=PostgreSQL common testing RPMs for RHEL / CentOS $releasever - $basearch
baseurl=https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/testing/common/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/PGDG-RPM-GPG-KEY-RHEL7
repo_gpgcheck = 1

# PGDG RHEL / CentOS Updates Testing repositories. (These packages should not be used in production)
# Available for 12 and above.

[pgdg15-updates-testing]
name=PostgreSQL 15 for RHEL / CentOS $releasever - $basearch - Updates testing
baseurl=https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/testing/15/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/PGDG-RPM-GPG-KEY-RHEL7
repo_gpgcheck = 1

[pgdg14-updates-testing]
name=PostgreSQL 14 for RHEL / CentOS $releasever - $basearch - Updates testing
baseurl=https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/testing/14/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/PGDG-RPM-GPG-KEY-RHEL7
repo_gpgcheck = 1

[pgdg13-updates-testing]
name=PostgreSQL 13 for RHEL / CentOS $releasever - $basearch - Updates testing
baseurl=https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/testing/13/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/PGDG-RPM-GPG-KEY-RHEL7
repo_gpgcheck = 1

[pgdg12-updates-testing]
name=PostgreSQL 12 for RHEL / CentOS $releasever - $basearch - Updates testing
baseurl=https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/testing/12/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/PGDG-RPM-GPG-KEY-RHEL7
repo_gpgcheck = 1

# PGDG Red Hat Enterprise Linux / CentOS SRPM testing common repository

[pgdg-source-common]
name=PostgreSQL 12 for RHEL / CentOS $releasever - $basearch - Source
baseurl=https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/srpms/common/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/PGDG-RPM-GPG-KEY-RHEL7
repo_gpgcheck = 1

# PGDG RHEL / CentOS testing common SRPM repository for all PostgreSQL versions

[pgdg-common-srpm-testing]
name=PostgreSQL common testing SRPMs for RHEL / CentOS $releasever - $basearch
baseurl=https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/srpms/testing/common/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/PGDG-RPM-GPG-KEY-RHEL7
repo_gpgcheck = 1

# PGDG Source RPMs (SRPM), and their testing repositories:

[pgdg15-source]
name=PostgreSQL 15 for RHEL / CentOS $releasever - $basearch - Source
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/srpms/15/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/PGDG-RPM-GPG-KEY-RHEL7
repo_gpgcheck = 1

[pgdg15-source-updates-testing]
name=PostgreSQL 15 for RHEL / CentOS $releasever - $basearch - Source updates testing
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/srpms/testing/15/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/PGDG-RPM-GPG-KEY-RHEL7
repo_gpgcheck = 1

[pgdg14-source]
name=PostgreSQL 14 for RHEL / CentOS $releasever - $basearch - Source
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/srpms/14/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/PGDG-RPM-GPG-KEY-RHEL7
repo_gpgcheck = 1

[pgdg14-source-updates-testing]
name=PostgreSQL 14 for RHEL / CentOS $releasever - $basearch - Source updates testing
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/srpms/testing/14/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/PGDG-RPM-GPG-KEY-RHEL7
repo_gpgcheck = 1

[pgdg13-source]
name=PostgreSQL 13 for RHEL / CentOS $releasever - $basearch - Source
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/srpms/13/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/PGDG-RPM-GPG-KEY-RHEL7
repo_gpgcheck = 1

[pgdg13-source-updates-testing]
name=PostgreSQL 13 for RHEL / CentOS $releasever - $basearch - Source updates testing
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/srpms/testing/13/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/PGDG-RPM-GPG-KEY-RHEL7
repo_gpgcheck = 1

[pgdg12-source]
name=PostgreSQL 12 for RHEL / CentOS $releasever - $basearch - Source
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/srpms/12/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/PGDG-RPM-GPG-KEY-RHEL7
repo_gpgcheck = 1

[pgdg12-source-updates-testing]
name=PostgreSQL 12 for RHEL / CentOS $releasever - $basearch - Source update testing
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/srpms/testing/12/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/PGDG-RPM-GPG-KEY-RHEL7
repo_gpgcheck = 1

# Debuginfo/debugsource packages for stable repos

[pgdg15-debuginfo]
name=PostgreSQL 15 for RHEL / CentOS $releasever - $basearch - Debuginfo
baseurl=https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/debug/15/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/PGDG-RPM-GPG-KEY-RHEL7
repo_gpgcheck = 1

[pgdg14-debuginfo]
name=PostgreSQL 14 for RHEL / CentOS $releasever - $basearch - Debuginfo
baseurl=https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/debug/14/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/PGDG-RPM-GPG-KEY-RHEL7
repo_gpgcheck = 1

[pgdg13-debuginfo]
name=PostgreSQL 13 for RHEL / CentOS $releasever - $basearch - Debuginfo
baseurl=https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/debug/13/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/PGDG-RPM-GPG-KEY-RHEL7
repo_gpgcheck = 1

[pgdg12-debuginfo]
name=PostgreSQL 12 for RHEL / CentOS $releasever - $basearch - Debuginfo
baseurl=https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/debug/12/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/PGDG-RPM-GPG-KEY-RHEL7
repo_gpgcheck = 1

# Debuginfo/debugsource packages for testing repos
# Available for 12 and above.

[pgdg15-updates-testing-debuginfo]
name=PostgreSQL 15 for RHEL / CentOS $releasever - $basearch - Debuginfo
baseurl=https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/testing/debug/15/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/PGDG-RPM-GPG-KEY-RHEL7
repo_gpgcheck = 1

[pgdg14-updates-testing-debuginfo]
name=PostgreSQL 14 for RHEL / CentOS $releasever - $basearch - Debuginfo
baseurl=https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/testing/debug/14/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/PGDG-RPM-GPG-KEY-RHEL7
repo_gpgcheck = 1

[pgdg13-updates-testing-debuginfo]
name=PostgreSQL 13 for RHEL / CentOS $releasever - $basearch - Debuginfo
baseurl=https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/testing/debug/13/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/PGDG-RPM-GPG-KEY-RHEL7
repo_gpgcheck = 1

[pgdg12-updates-testing-debuginfo]
name=PostgreSQL 12 for RHEL / CentOS $releasever - $basearch - Debuginfo
baseurl=https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/testing/debug/12/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/PGDG-RPM-GPG-KEY-RHEL7
repo_gpgcheck = 1

🆗，查看这个repo文件，可以看到postgresql 12-15版本都有了，那么，postgresql 数据库所有都安装，比如，lib库，开发库都安装的命令就是：

yum install postgresql12*

但此时会报错，缺少很多个核心依赖，比如llvm5.0-devel，python3-libs：

Error: Package: postgresql12-plpython3-12.18-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 (pgdg12)
           Requires: libpython3.6m.so.1.0()(64bit)
Error: Package: postgresql12-devel-12.18-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 (pgdg12)
           Requires: llvm-toolset-7-clang >= 4.0.1
Error: Package: postgresql12-llvmjit-12.18-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 (pgdg12)
           Requires: libLLVM-5.0.so()(64bit)
Error: Package: postgresql12-llvmjit-12.18-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 (pgdg12)
           Requires: llvm5.0 >= 5.0
Error: Package: postgresql12-devel-12.18-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 (pgdg12)
           Requires: llvm5.0-devel >= 5.0
Error: Package: postgresql12-plpython3-12.18-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 (pgdg12)
           Requires: python3-libs
Error: Package: postgresql12-devel-12.18-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 (pgdg12)
           Requires: perl(IPC::Run)
 You could try using --skip-broken to work around the problem
 You could try running: rpm -Va --nofiles --nodigest

解决方案为增加阿里云的epel源和centos的scl源：

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
yum install centos-release-scl-rh

阿里云的epel源和阿里云的基础源就不介绍了，主要是scl源， SCL是Software Collections的缩写，由CentOS 特别兴趣小组所维护。其收录了许多程序的新版本，例如gcc, PHP, git, python等。安装的软件可与旧版共存，包名多以rh-为前缀；它的repo文件 CentOS-SCLo-scl-rh.repo 内容如下：

# CentOS-SCLo-rh.repo
#
# Please see http://wiki.centos.org/SpecialInterestGroup/SCLo for more
# information

[centos-sclo-rh]
name=CentOS-7 - SCLo rh
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/sclo/$basearch/rh/
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org?arch=$basearch&release=7&repo=sclo-rh
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-SIG-SCLo

[centos-sclo-rh-testing]
name=CentOS-7 - SCLo rh Testing
baseurl=http://buildlogs.centos.org/centos/7/sclo/$basearch/rh/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-SIG-SCLo

[centos-sclo-rh-source]
name=CentOS-7 - SCLo rh Sources
baseurl=http://vault.centos.org/centos/7/sclo/Source/rh/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-SIG-SCLo

[centos-sclo-rh-debuginfo]
name=CentOS-7 - SCLo rh Debuginfo
baseurl=http://debuginfo.centos.org/centos/7/sclo/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-SIG-SCLo

如果觉得这个源的速度比较慢，可以使用国内的清华源，上述的repo文件内容修改为如下即可：

[centos-sclo-sclo]
name=CentOS-7 - SCLo sclo
baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/7/sclo/$basearch/sclo/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-SIG-SCLo

[centos-sclo-rh]
name=CentOS-7 - SCLo rh
baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/7/sclo/$basearch/rh/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-SIG-SCLo

🆗，这四个源配置好后就可以非常方便的安装postgresql 12-15的版本了

那么，如果是有网的环境还可以，但如果是离线环境呢？这个也比较简单的，制作离线yum源就可以了

二、

yum 离线源的制作

以上面配置的四个yum源为基础，制作yum离线源，首先，需要创建一个任意名称的目录，存放一会拉取下来的rpm文件

其次，安装yum-utils ，以生成yumdownloader 这个工具，然后进入上面创建的目录，拉取rpm文件

最后，就是安装createrepo 这个工具，生成仓库信息

以上步骤都完成后，打包上述目录就可以扔到离线环境使用了，本文就以postgresql-12的离线yum安装包制作为例

安装离线yum源的rpm包下载工具

 yum install yum-utils -y

开始下载rpm包，等待下载完毕：

    mkdir postgresql-12-offline
    cd postgresql-12-offline
    yumdownloader postgresql12* pgbackrest --resolve

开始制作离线仓库：

  yum install createrepo -y
  cd postgresql-12-offline/
  yumdownloader createrepo --resolve
  yumdownloader deltarpm-3.6-3.el7.x86_64 python-deltarpm-3.6-3.el7.x86_64 deltarpm-3.6-3.el7.x86_64 python-deltarpm-3.6-3.el7.x86_64 --resolve
  createrepo postgresql-12-offline/
cd ..
tar cvjf postgresql-12-offline.tar.gz postgresql-12-offline

制作完毕后，tar包保存后，在其它服务器上挂载这个仓库就可以离线安装postgresql12和pgbackrest了，挂载示例如下：

1、

上述的离线包上传到服务器上，然后解压，解压后的目录移动到/opt目录下

[root@centos7 ~]# tar xf postgresql-12-offline.tar.gz 
[root@centos7 ~]# du -sh postgresql-12-offline
292M	postgresql-12-offline
[root@centos7 ~]# mv postgresql-12-offline /opt/

2、

保留本地yum源，在本地yum内编辑如下内容：

[local]
nmae=local
baseurl=file:///mnt/
enable=1
gpgcheck=0
[pgoffline]
name=pgoffline
baseurl=file:///opt/postgresql-12-offline
enable=1
gpgcheck=0

3、

安装postgresql-12

[root@centos7 ~]# yum install postgresql12-server postgresql12-lib postgresql12-devel postgresql12-contrib postgresql12-tcl postgresql12-odbc-y

4、

安装pgbackrest

[root@centos7 ~]# yum install pgbackrest -y

以上就是离线安装postgresql12的过程，其它版本的postgresql基本是一样的，yumdownload 后面的版本改一下就可以了

下面说一说数据库初始化以及简单的配置问题

三、

postgresql12-server的初始化和简单配置

1、

创建postgresql的数据存储目录

mkdir -p /data/pgsql/data

2、

配置环境变量，这些变量用于初始化，一般写入/etc/profile 或者 /etc/bashrc 这两个文件的末尾，任选一个就可以了

PGDATA=/data/pgsql/data
export PGDATA
PGHOME=/data/pgsql
export PGHOME
PATH=$PATH:$PGHOME/bin:$PGDATA:/usr/pgsql-12/bin/
export PATH  PGHOME PGDATA

3、

postgresql 数据库初始化

[root@centos7 system]# /usr/pgsql-12/bin/postgresql-12-setup initdb
Initializing database ... OK

4、

移动刚初始化的数据文件到/data/pgsql/data目录下，并更改配置文件和启动脚本：

vim /data/pgsql/data/postgresql.conf
主要是以下几项：
data_directory = '/data/pgsql/data'
listen_addresses = '*' 
port = 5432                       
max_connections = 100 

vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/postgresql-12.service
主要是这个：
Environment=PGDATA=/data/pgsql/data/

5、

重新赋权，然后启动数据库

chown -Rf postgres. /data/pgsql/
chmod -Rf 0750 /data/pgsql/data/
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start postgresql-12 &&systemctl enable postgresql-12

6、

查看数据库状态是否正常：

[root@centos7 data]# systemctl status postgresql-12
● postgresql-12.service - PostgreSQL 12 database server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/postgresql-12.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Sun 2024-03-17 05:07:42 CST; 5min ago
     Docs: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/12/static/
 Main PID: 2066 (postmaster)
   CGroup: /system.slice/postgresql-12.service
           ├─2066 /usr/pgsql-12/bin/postmaster -D /data/pgsql/data/
           ├─2067 postgres: logger   
           ├─2069 postgres: checkpointer   
           ├─2070 postgres: background writer   
           ├─2071 postgres: walwriter   
           ├─2072 postgres: autovacuum launcher   
           ├─2073 postgres: stats collector   
           └─2074 postgres: logical replication launcher   

Mar 17 05:07:42 centos7 systemd[1]: Starting PostgreSQL 12 database server...
Mar 17 05:07:42 centos7 postmaster[2066]: 2024-03-17 05:07:42.320 CST [2066] LOG:  starting PostgreSQL 12.18 on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (GCC) 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44), 64-bit
Mar 17 05:07:42 centos7 postmaster[2066]: 2024-03-17 05:07:42.320 CST [2066] LOG:  listening on IPv4 address "0.0.0.0", port 5432
Mar 17 05:07:42 centos7 postmaster[2066]: 2024-03-17 05:07:42.320 CST [2066] LOG:  listening on IPv6 address "::", port 5432
Mar 17 05:07:42 centos7 postmaster[2066]: 2024-03-17 05:07:42.321 CST [2066] LOG:  listening on Unix socket "/var/run/postgresql/.s.PGSQL.5432"
Mar 17 05:07:42 centos7 postmaster[2066]: 2024-03-17 05:07:42.321 CST [2066] LOG:  listening on Unix socket "/tmp/.s.PGSQL.5432"
Mar 17 05:07:42 centos7 postmaster[2066]: 2024-03-17 05:07:42.327 CST [2066] LOG:  redirecting log output to logging collector process
Mar 17 05:07:42 centos7 postmaster[2066]: 2024-03-17 05:07:42.327 CST [2066] HINT:  Future log output will appear in directory "log".
Mar 17 05:07:42 centos7 systemd[1]: Started PostgreSQL 12 database server.

yum安装的postgresql，数据库日志是直接开启的，省去了不少麻烦，剩下的就是配置pg_hba.conf 文件开启安全访问这些了，就不在此废话了

注意：由于前面安装了postgresql12-contrib，因此，所有官方插件是可以直接使用的，非常的方便，例如pg_trgm 这个插件，就可以直接安装了：

psql (12.18)
Type "help" for help.

postgres=# create extension pg_trgm;
CREATE EXTENSION

查询有哪些可用插件：

SELECT name FROM pg_available_extensions;

输出如下：

hstore
plpgsql
hstore_plperl
adminpack
hstore_plperlu
amcheck
cube
insert_username
autoinc
bloom
earthdistance
intagg
btree_gin
file_fdw
fuzzystrmatch
btree_gist
intarray
citext
dblink
jsonb_plperl
dict_xsyn
lo
dict_int
jsonb_plperlu
isn
ltree
moddatetime
pgrowlocks
pageinspect
pg_trgm
tcn
pgstattuple
pg_buffercache
xml2
postgres_fdw
pg_freespacemap
pg_prewarm
pg_visibility
refint
pgcrypto
pg_stat_statements
seg
sslinfo
tablefunc
tsm_system_rows
tsm_system_time
unaccent
uuid-ossp

yum安装方式确实是非常非常的方便的哦

四、

postgresql的编译安装

postgresql的编译安装就比较简单了，PostgreSQL: File Browser

1、在这个官方网站下载自己喜欢的版本，然后上传到服务器上，本例中我下载的是postgresql-12.5.tar.bz2

将此文件随便放置到哪都可以，按规范是/usr/local/src目录下，进入此目录，解压上传的源码压缩包

[root@centos7 ~]# mv postgresql-12.5.tar.bz2 /usr/local/src/
[root@centos7 ~]# cd !$
cd /usr/local/src/
[root@centos7 src]# ls
postgresql-12.5.tar.bz2
[root@centos7 src]# pwd
/usr/local/src
[root@centos7 src]# ls
postgresql-12.5.tar.bz2
[root@centos7 src]# tar xf postgresql-12.5.tar.bz2 
[root@centos7 src]# ls
postgresql-12.5  postgresql-12.5.tar.bz2

2、

进入解压目录，创建预编译用的目录，进入这个目录：

[root@centos7 src]# cd postgresql-12.5
[root@centos7 postgresql-12.5]# mkdir build
[root@centos7 postgresql-12.5]# cd build/

3、

查看编译帮助

[root@centos7 build]# ../configure --help
`configure' configures PostgreSQL 12.5 to adapt to many kinds of systems.

Usage: ../configure [OPTION]... [VAR=VALUE]...

To assign environment variables (e.g., CC, CFLAGS...), specify them as
VAR=VALUE.  See below for descriptions of some of the useful variables.

Defaults for the options are specified in brackets.

Configuration:
  -h, --help              display this help and exit
      --help=short        display options specific to this package
      --help=recursive    display the short help of all the included packages
  -V, --version           display version information and exit
  -q, --quiet, --silent   do not print `checking ...' messages
      --cache-file=FILE   cache test results in FILE [disabled]
  -C, --config-cache      alias for `--cache-file=config.cache'
  -n, --no-create         do not create output files
      --srcdir=DIR        find the sources in DIR [configure dir or `..']

Installation directories:
  --prefix=PREFIX         install architecture-independent files in PREFIX
                          [/usr/local/pgsql]
  --exec-prefix=EPREFIX   install architecture-dependent files in EPREFIX
                          [PREFIX]

By default, `make install' will install all the files in
`/usr/local/pgsql/bin', `/usr/local/pgsql/lib' etc.  You can specify
an installation prefix other than `/usr/local/pgsql' using `--prefix',
for instance `--prefix=$HOME'.
、、、、、、、、、、后面的略略略

可以看到，可执行文件可以指定到自己喜欢的位置，也就是 --exec-prefix=EPREFIX ，比较有意思的一个选项是--with-pgport=PORTNUM，这个可以初始化数据库后，就指定的端口了

编译的依赖不多，大概有这些：

yum install bzip2 bzip2-devel zlib zlib-devel readline readline-devel openssl openssl-devel autoconf gcc gcc-c++ llvm llvm-devel perl perl-devel systemd-devel libbsd-devel  pam-deve perl-ExtUtils-Embed  tcl tcl-devel python-devel -y

4、

预编译阶段

根据上面的编译帮助，那么，比较全的一个编译命令是：

../configure --prefix=/opt/pgsql --exec-prefix=/opt/pgsqlb_exec --with-pgport=15433  --with-gssapi --with-tcl --with-perl --with-python  --with-icu --with-pam --with-bsd-auth --with-bonjou --with-systemd --with-includes=/opt/pgsql/includes  --with-libs=/opt/pgsql/libs

5、

编译阶段和编译安装阶段

make && make install

编译完成后，配置环境变量，然后初始化，修改配置文件这些都和yum安装基本一样，就不废话了

库什么的都按编译命令生成了，例如include，如果不指定编译，这些目录是会默认和bin什么的在一起的

[root@centos7 pgsql]# pwd
/opt/pgsql
[root@centos7 pgsql]# ls
include  share