1.下载离线安装包

下载链接 PostgreSQL PGDG 14 Updates RPMs

依次下载下面三种文件

2. 依赖包

判断有没有安装libicu依赖

rpm -qa | grep libicu

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep libicu
libicu-50.2-4.el7_7.x86_64

没有的话下载安装
如果你想安装 libicu，可以使用以下命令：

yum install libicu

下载地址 RPM resource libicu

rpm -ivh libicu-50.2-4.el7_7.x86_64.rpm 

3.上传到服务器

scp -r C:\Users\xx.xx\Downloads\postgresql14-libs-14.10-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm root@192.168.182.131:/usr/local/xx
scp -r C:\Users\xx.xx\Downloads\postgresql14-14.10-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm root@192.168.182.131:/usr/local/xx
scp -r C:\Users\xx.xx\Downloads\postgresql14-server-14.10-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm root@192.168.182.131:/usr/local/xx

4.按顺序安装

rpm -ivh postgresql14-libs-14.10-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh postgresql14-14.10-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh postgresql14-server-14.10-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm

[root@localhost soft_resource]# rpm -ivh postgresql14-libs-14.10-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm
警告：postgresql14-libs-14.10-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm: 头V4 DSA/SHA1 Signature, 密钥 ID 442df0f8: NOKEY
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
   1:postgresql14-libs-14.10-1PGDG.rhe################################# [100%]
[root@localhost soft_resource]# rpm -ivh postgresql14-14.10-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm
警告：postgresql14-14.10-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm: 头V4 DSA/SHA1 Signature, 密钥 ID 442df0f8: NOKEY
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
   1:postgresql14-14.10-1PGDG.rhel7   ################################# [100%]
[root@localhost soft_resource]# rpm -ivh postgresql14-server-14.10-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm
警告：postgresql14-server-14.10-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm: 头V4 DSA/SHA1 Signature, 密钥 ID 442df0f8: NOKEY
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
   1:postgresql14-server-14.10-1PGDG.r################################# [100%]

5.安装后操作

5.1初始化数据库

/usr/pgsql-14/bin/postgresql-14-setup initdb

[root@localhost usr]# /usr/pgsql-14/bin/postgresql-14-setup initdb
Initializing database ... OK

5.2修改配置文件

vim /var/lib/pgsql/14/data/postgresql.conf

listen_addresses = '*'  # 允许外部连接
port = 5432             # 端口号

5.3开放允许访问 ip

vim /var/lib/pgsql/14/data/pg_hba.conf

# replication privilege.
local   replication     all                                     peer
host    replication     all             127.0.0.1/32            scram-sha-256
host    replication     all             ::1/128                 scram-sha-256
# 添加下面这行，允许所有 ip 访问
host    all             all             0.0.0.0/0               md5

5.3.1放行防火墙端口

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=5432/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --reload #修改后需要重新加载防火墙生效

# 显示success表示成功
# –zone=public表示作用域为公共的
# –add-port=3306/tcp添加tcp协议的端口端口号为3306
# –permanent永久生效，如果没有此参数，则只能维持当前 服 务生命周期内，重新启动后失效；

5.4重启服务

systemctl reload postgresql-14
systemctl restart postgresql-14

5.5其他命令

systemctl start postgresql-14
systemctl stop postgresql-14

5.6 配置用户

5.6.1创建 test 用户

[root@server149058 ~]# su postgres
bash-4.2$ psql
could not change directory to "/root": Permission denied
psql (14.5)
Type "help" for help.

postgres=# create user test password 'test';
CREATE ROLE

5.6.2赋予超管权限

postgres=# ALTER ROLE test SUPERUSER;
ALTER ROLE